"When the Safavid dynasty, founded in 1501, built a state that championed Iranian identity and Twelver Shi'ism, it prompted the more established Ottoman empire to align itself definitively with Sunni ...

One of the greatest empires in history, the Ottomans reigned for more than 600 years before crumbling on the battlefields of World War I. The tughra (insignia) of the 16th-century Ottoman emperor ...

King's College London provides funding as a member of The Conversation UK. For centuries empires were the dominant form of political organisation. In the west there is some degree of familiarity with ...

Translated by Ali Katebi from English, “The Ottoman Empire” and “Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire” have been published by the Elmi Farhangi Publications in Tehran, ILNA reported. The Ottoman Empire ...

Abdulhamid II is one of the most controversial and divisive figures in modern Turkish history. His detractors call him the "kizil sultan" (the red sultan) after the blood they hold him responsible for ...

Market of Eminou Square and New Mosque Yeni Cami, with store signs in Ottoman Turkish, Armenian, Greek and French, 1884–1900, Sébah & Joaillier. Pierre de Gigord Collection of Photographs of the ...

The executioners of the Ottoman Empire were never noted for their mercy; just ask the teenage Sultan Osman II, who in May 1622 suffered an excruciating death by “compression of the testicles”–as ...

From the Middle Ages to the first decades of the 20th century, the vast Islamic state known as the Ottoman Empire held sway. It took root in what is present-day Turkey and grew to include various ...